Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an abnormal proliferation of cells within the colon and rectum, leading to the formation of polyps and disruption of mucosal functions. The disease development is influenced by a combination of factors, including inflammation, exposure to environmental mutagens, genetic alterations, and impairment in signaling pathways. Traditional treatments such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are often used but have limitations, including poor solubility and permeability, treatment resistance, side effects, and post-surgery issues. Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS) have emerged as a superior alternative, offering enhanced drug solubility, precision in targeting cancer cells, and regulated drug release. Thereby addressing the shortcomings of conventional therapies and showing promise for more effective CRC management. The present review sheds light on the pathogenesis, signaling pathways, biomarkers, conventional treatments, need for NDDS, and application of NDDS against CRC. Additionally, clinical trials, ongoing clinical trials, marketed formulations, and patents on CRC are also covered in the present review.
Keyphrases
- signaling pathway
- clinical trial
- drug release
- induced apoptosis
- minimally invasive
- coronary artery bypass
- pi k akt
- oxidative stress
- current status
- drug delivery
- cell cycle arrest
- surgical site infection
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- phase ii
- genome wide
- cancer therapy
- open label
- emergency department
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- randomized controlled trial
- gene expression
- study protocol
- coronary artery disease
- climate change
- big data
- cell proliferation
- drug induced
- chronic rhinosinusitis
- rectal cancer
- life cycle