Natural Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Hyperaccumulation and Hypertolerance towards Heavy Metals.
Lidia SkuzaIzabela Szućko-KociubaEwa FilipIzabela BożekPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2022)
The main mechanism of plant tolerance is the avoidance of metal uptake, whereas the main mechanism of hyperaccumulation is the uptake and neutralization of metals through specific plant processes. These include the formation of symbioses with rhizosphere microorganisms, the secretion of substances into the soil and metal immobilization, cell wall modification, changes in the expression of genes encoding heavy metal transporters, heavy metal ion chelation, and sequestration, and regenerative heat-shock protein production. The aim of this work was to review the natural plant mechanisms that contribute towards increased heavy metal accumulation and tolerance, as well as a review of the hyperaccumulator phytoremediation capacity. Phytoremediation is a strategy for purifying heavy-metal-contaminated soils using higher plants species as hyperaccumulators.
Keyphrases
- heavy metals
- cell wall
- health risk assessment
- health risk
- plant growth
- risk assessment
- heat shock protein
- sewage sludge
- stem cells
- human health
- poor prognosis
- mesenchymal stem cells
- microbial community
- cell therapy
- dna methylation
- gene expression
- long non coding rna
- transcription factor
- tissue engineering
- heat stress
- genetic diversity