Evaluation of the Role of Probiotics As a New Strategy to Eliminate Microbial Toxins: a Review.

Probiotics are living microorganisms that have favorable effects on human and animal health. The most usual types of microorganisms recruited as probiotics are lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria. To date, numerous utilizations of probiotics have been reported. In this paper, it is suggested that probiotic bacteria can be recruited to remove and degrade different types of toxins such as mycotoxins and algal toxins that damage host tissues and the immune system causing local and systemic infections. These microorganisms can remove toxins by disrupting, changing the permeability of the plasma membrane, producing metabolites, inhibiting the protein translation, hindering the binding to GTP binding proteins to GM1 receptors, or by preventing the interaction between toxins and adhesions. Here, we intend to review the mechanisms that probiotic bacteria use to eliminate and degrade microbial toxins.