NLP systems such as ChatGPT cannot be listed as an author because these cannot fulfill widely adopted authorship criteria.

The use of artificial intelligence (AI)-based natural language processing (NLP) models could promote a covert practice of AI-based plagiarism, or "aigiarism". Journals that do not impose an outright ban on the use of NLP models in manuscript preparation would asked that such uses be disclosed by the authors. We posit that it is equally important that an active and explicit declaration be made, should it be the case, for not having used any NLP models in manuscript preparation.