Meta-analysis of the Placebo and Nocebo Effects Associated with Placebo Treatment in Randomized Trials of Lipid Lowering Therapy.
Yip-Han ChinOliver LimChaoxing LinYu Yi ChanGwyneth KongCheng Han NgBryan ChongNicholas Li-Xun SynKai En ChanMark D MuthiahMohammad Shadab SiddiquiJiong-Wei WangGemma A FigtreeMark Y ChanNicholas W S ChewPublished in: European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes (2022)
Our meta-analysis of placebo-treated participants in RCTs with no background LLT indicate a modest placebo effect but prominent nocebo effect of musculoskeletal, headache and gastrointestinal symptoms that was greatest among secondary prevention RCTs. These findings may inform the design of future LLT RCTs.