Kidney Health for Everyone Everywhere: From Prevention to Detection and Equitable Access to Care.
Philip Kam-Tao LiGuillermo Garcia-GarciaSiu-Fai LuiSharon AndreoliWinston Wing Shing FungAnne HradskyLatha KumaraswamiVassilios LiakopoulosZiyoda RakhimovaGamal SaadiLuisa StraniIfeoma UlasiKamyar Kalantar-ZadehPublished in: Canadian journal of kidney health and disease (2020)
The global burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rapidly increasing with a projection of becoming the fifth most common cause of years of life lost globally by 2040. Aggravatingly, CKD is a major cause of catastrophic health expenditure. The costs of dialysis and transplantation consume up to 3% of the annual health care budget in high-income countries. Crucially, however, the onset and progression of CKD is often preventable. In 2020, the World Kidney Day campaign highlights the importance of preventive interventions-be it primary, secondary, or tertiary. This article complements this initiative by focusing on outlining and analyzing measures that can be implemented in every country to promote and advance CKD prevention. Primary prevention of kidney disease should focus on the modification of risk factors and addressing structural abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tracts, as well as exposure to environmental risk factors and nephrotoxins. In persons with preexisting kidney disease, secondary prevention, including blood pressure optimization and glycemic control, should be the main goal of education and clinical interventions. In patients with advanced CKD, management of comorbidities such as uremia and cardiovascular disease is a highly recommended preventative intervention to avoid or delay dialysis or kidney transplantation. Political efforts are needed to disseminate the preventive approach. While national policies and strategies for noncommunicable diseases might be present in a country, specific policies directed toward education and awareness about CKD screening, management, and treatment are often lacking. Hence, there is an urgent need to increase the awareness of the importance of preventive measures throughout populations, professionals, and policy makers.
Keyphrases
- chronic kidney disease
- healthcare
- end stage renal disease
- quality improvement
- public health
- risk factors
- kidney transplantation
- cardiovascular disease
- blood pressure
- glycemic control
- mental health
- type diabetes
- physical activity
- randomized controlled trial
- magnetic resonance imaging
- health information
- weight loss
- human health
- computed tomography
- blood glucose
- insulin resistance
- skeletal muscle
- cell therapy
- stem cells
- risk assessment
- mesenchymal stem cells
- health promotion
- real time pcr
- loop mediated isothermal amplification