Regulation of glycolysis by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF): implications for cellular physiology.
Sarah J KieransCormac T TaylorPublished in: The Journal of physiology (2020)
Under conditions of hypoxia, most eukaryotic cells can shift their primary metabolic strategy from predominantly mitochondrial respiration towards increased glycolysis to maintain ATP levels. This hypoxia-induced reprogramming of metabolism is key to satisfying cellular energetic requirements during acute hypoxic stress. At a transcriptional level, this metabolic switch can be regulated by several pathways including the hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) which induces an increased expression of glycolytic enzymes. While this increase in glycolytic flux is beneficial for maintaining bioenergetic homeostasis during hypoxia, the pathways mediating this increase can also be exploited by cancer cells to promote tumour survival and growth, an area which has been extensively studied. It has recently become appreciated that increased glycolytic metabolism in hypoxia may also have profound effects on cellular physiology in hypoxic immune and endothelial cells. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms central to mediating this reprogramming are of importance from both physiological and pathophysiological standpoints. In this review, we highlight the role of HIF-1α in the regulation of hypoxic glycolysis and its implications for physiological processes such as angiogenesis and immune cell effector function.
Keyphrases
- endothelial cells
- high glucose
- vascular endothelial growth factor
- induced apoptosis
- poor prognosis
- oxidative stress
- liver failure
- multidrug resistant
- gene expression
- cell cycle arrest
- regulatory t cells
- transcription factor
- hepatitis b virus
- immune response
- cell proliferation
- long non coding rna
- signaling pathway
- aortic dissection
- intensive care unit
- free survival
- acute respiratory distress syndrome
- type iii
- mechanical ventilation