The role of endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in cerebrovascular diseases.
Pietro ScicchitanoFrancesca CorteseMichele GesualdoMicaela De PaloFrancesco MassariPaola GiordanoMarco Matteo CicconePublished in: Free radical research (2019)
Cerebrovascular diseases (CBD) are one of the most dangerous complications of atherosclerosis. The clinical consequences of CBD deeply impact quality of life and the prognosis of patients. Atherosclerosis is the main cause of CBD development. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking, obesity, and other risk factors explain the higher CBD incidence in the general population, as they are able to anticipate the clinical expression of atherosclerosis. These risk factors are effectively able to promote endothelial dysfunction which is the premise for the early, clinical expression of atherosclerosis. The mechanisms by which risk factors can influence the occurrence of CBD are different and not fully understood. The inflammatory background of atherosclerosis can explain a great part of it. In particular, the oxidative stress may promote the development of vascular lesions by negatively influencing biochemical cellular processes of the endothelium, thus predisposing the vascular tree to morphological and functional damages. The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate the role of endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in CBD development.
Keyphrases
- risk factors
- oxidative stress
- cardiovascular disease
- poor prognosis
- dna damage
- end stage renal disease
- type diabetes
- metabolic syndrome
- blood pressure
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- insulin resistance
- chronic kidney disease
- newly diagnosed
- risk assessment
- induced apoptosis
- weight loss
- diabetic rats
- peritoneal dialysis
- body mass index
- nitric oxide
- physical activity
- long non coding rna
- skeletal muscle
- glycemic control
- heat stress
- heat shock