Determination of Intraprostatic and Intratesticular Androgens.
Marketa SimkovaJiří HeráčekPavel B DrasarRichard HamplPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2021)
Androgens represent the main hormones responsible for maintaining hormonal balance and function in the prostate and testis. As they are involved in prostate and testicular carcinogenesis, more detailed information of their active concentration at the site of action is required. Since the introduction of the term intracrinology as the local formation of active steroid hormones from inactive precursors of the adrenal gland, mainly dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA-S, it is evident that blood circulating levels of sex steroid hormones need not reflect their actual concentrations in the tissue. Here, we review and critically evaluate available methods for the analysis of human intraprostatic and intratesticular steroid concentrations. Since analytical approaches have much in common in both tissues, we discuss them together. Preanalytical steps, including various techniques for separation of the analytes, are compared, followed by the end-point measurement. Advantages and disadvantages of chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS, GC-MS), immunoanalytical methods (IA), and hybrid (LC-IA) are discussed. Finally, the clinical information value of the determined steroid hormones is evaluated concerning differentiating between patients with cancer or benign hyperplasia and between patients with different degrees of infertility. Adrenal-derived 11-oxygenated androgens are mentioned as perspective prognostic markers for these purposes.
Keyphrases
- liquid chromatography
- mass spectrometry
- prostate cancer
- solid phase extraction
- high resolution mass spectrometry
- tandem mass spectrometry
- high performance liquid chromatography
- endothelial cells
- benign prostatic hyperplasia
- high resolution
- type diabetes
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- simultaneous determination
- adipose tissue
- capillary electrophoresis
- magnetic resonance imaging
- health information
- computed tomography
- gene expression
- social media
- contrast enhanced
- skeletal muscle
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- gas chromatography
- pluripotent stem cells
- ms ms
- germ cell