Current Evidence on the Efficacy of Gluten-Free Diets in Multiple Sclerosis, Psoriasis, Type 1 Diabetes and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases.
Moschoula PassaliKnud JosefsenJette Lautrup FrederiksenJulie Christine AntvorskovPublished in: Nutrients (2020)
In this review, we summarize the clinical data addressing a potential role for gluten in multiple sclerosis (MS), psoriasis, type 1 diabetes (T1D) and autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATDs). Furthermore, data on the prevalence of celiac disease (CD) and gluten-related antibodies in the above patient groups are presented. Adequately powered and properly controlled intervention trials investigating the effects of a gluten-free diet (GFD) in non-celiac patients with MS, psoriasis, T1D or ATDs are lacking. Only one clinical trial has studied the effects of a GFD among patients with MS. The trial found significant results, but it is subject to major methodological limitations. A few publications have found beneficial effects of a GFD in a subgroup of patients with psoriasis that were seropositive for anti-gliadin or deamidated gliadin antibodies, but no effects were seen among seronegative patients. Studies on the role of gluten in T1D are contradictive, however, it seems likely that a GFD may contribute to normalizing metabolic control without affecting levels of islet autoantibodies. Lastly, the effects of a GFD in non-celiac patients with ATDs have not been studied yet, but some publications report that thyroid-related antibodies respond to a GFD in patients with concomitant CD and ATDs. Overall, there is currently not enough evidence to recommend a GFD to non-celiac patients with MS, psoriasis, ATDs or T1D.
Keyphrases
- celiac disease
- multiple sclerosis
- type diabetes
- clinical trial
- white matter
- mass spectrometry
- atopic dermatitis
- ms ms
- randomized controlled trial
- electronic health record
- phase iii
- newly diagnosed
- study protocol
- ejection fraction
- cardiovascular disease
- weight loss
- glycemic control
- insulin resistance
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- big data
- physical activity
- adipose tissue
- open label
- machine learning
- double blind
- nk cells
- data analysis
- case control
- patient reported
- deep learning