The Interplay between Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 (GRP78) and Steroids in the Reproductive System.
Marylise Hebert-SchusterBelinda Elisabeth RottaBrenna KirkpatrickJean GuibourdencheMarie CohenPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2018)
The glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a molecular chaperone that is responsible for protein folding, which belongs to the heat shock protein 70 kDa (HSPA/HSP70). Because of the conjunction of GRP78 transcription with endoplasmic reticulum stress, the chaperone plays an important role in the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is induced after the accumulation of misfolded proteins. In the last years, a significant body of research concentrated on interplay between GRP78 and sexual steroid hormones. Throughout this review, we describe the mechanisms by which GRP78 regulates steroidogenesis at multiple levels and how steroids modulate GRP78 expression in different mammalian reproductive organs. Finally, we discuss the cooperation between GRP78 and steroids for cell survival and proliferation in the context of reproduction and tumorigenesis. This new paradigm offers significant opportunities for future exploration.
Keyphrases
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- heat shock protein
- induced apoptosis
- heat shock
- cell surface
- binding protein
- transcription factor
- amino acid
- poor prognosis
- metabolic syndrome
- signaling pathway
- molecular dynamics simulations
- single molecule
- type diabetes
- adipose tissue
- oxidative stress
- insulin resistance
- skeletal muscle
- high glucose
- weight loss
- drug induced
- mental health