Unpacking leader responsiveness effects of emotional cultivation groups: Using the variance partitioning method.

Theoretically, group leaders can play a significant role in contributing to the effectiveness of group counseling intervention. However, very few studies have examined the group leader's effects on the client-rated group counseling outcomes. We hypothesized that responsive group leaders who were caring, understanding, and respectful could serve as safe havens and secure bases to facilitate their group members' social and emotional cultivation. The current investigation examined the effects of leader responsiveness on group members' social-emotional cultivation (SEC). A total of 307 Taiwanese children and adolescent clients across 53 groups participated in an eight-session emotional cultivation group intervention. There were five time points of data collection (i.e., preintervention, third group session, sixth group session, postintervention, and a 4-week follow-up), and the variance partitioning method was used to partition longitudinal data into within-member, within-group, and between-group variance components. The results of hierarchical linear modeling revealed that the group leader's responsiveness significantly predicted group members' SEC at each of the three levels of analysis: Individual members had greater change in SEC when (a) they perceived higher leader responsiveness in a time period compared to the average rating of leader responsiveness across all time periods, (b) they perceived higher leader responsiveness compared to the average rating of leader responsiveness across all members in the same group, and (c) the group-as-a-whole perceived higher leader responsiveness than the average rating of leader responsiveness across all groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).