Microglia, the main immune cell of the central nervous system (CNS), categorized into M1-like phenotype and M2-like phenotype, play important roles in phagocytosis, cell migration, antigen presentation, and cytokine production. As a part of CNS, retinal microglial cells (RMC) play an important role in retinal diseases. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of diabetes. Recent studies have demonstrated that DR is not only a microvascular disease but also retinal neurodegeneration. RMC was regarded as a central role in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss RMC polarization and its possible regulatory factors in early DR, which will provide new targets and insights for early intervention of DR.
Keyphrases
- diabetic retinopathy
- optical coherence tomography
- editorial comment
- cell migration
- inflammatory response
- neuropathic pain
- lipopolysaccharide induced
- induced apoptosis
- randomized controlled trial
- type diabetes
- lps induced
- cardiovascular disease
- blood brain barrier
- traumatic brain injury
- transcription factor
- cell cycle arrest
- case report
- spinal cord injury
- brain injury
- cell death
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- case control
- weight loss
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- insulin resistance