Cancer of unknown primary in a mare: case report and comparative pathology review.
Emily J BrinkerSerena CeriottiMaria C NaskouElizabeth A SpanglerErin S GrooverRachel L A L T NetoPublished in: Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc (2021)
A 25-y-old Percheron mare was admitted to the teaching hospital because of lethargy and intractable dyspnea. Thoracoabdominal ultrasound examination identified severe peritoneal effusion, mild bilateral pleural effusion, and a diffuse pulmonary nodular pattern. Cytology of peritoneal fluid revealed a hypercellular sample with clusters of neoplastic polygonal cells and admixed macrophages. Euthanasia was followed by postmortem examination; marked bi-cavitary effusion was present, and innumerable up to 4-cm diameter, round-to-floriform nodules were diffusely evident throughout serosal surfaces as well as the pulmonary and hepatic parenchyma. Disseminated adenocarcinoma, predominantly affecting lung and liver with widespread serosal implantation, was confirmed on light microscopy. Neoplastic cells had strong immunolabeling for pancytokeratin and lacked immunoreactivity to vimentin, napsin A, and Pax8. Cytokeratin 7 and thyroid transcription factor-1 were non-contributory given absent and inconsistent internal control reactivity, respectively. Such results, combined with the lack of a major mass that would indicate a primary site, were supportive of carcinoma of unknown primary site, which remains a conundrum in human oncology, and is poorly explored in veterinary medicine, mainly as a result of clinical and diagnostic limitations.
Keyphrases
- induced apoptosis
- transcription factor
- cell cycle arrest
- pulmonary hypertension
- endothelial cells
- squamous cell carcinoma
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- palliative care
- low grade
- computed tomography
- ultrasound guided
- early onset
- escherichia coli
- high grade
- cell death
- mass spectrometry
- single molecule
- cell proliferation
- biofilm formation
- advanced cancer