Two-Dimensional MXene-Originated In Situ Nanosonosensitizer Generation for Augmented and Synergistic Sonodynamic Tumor Nanotherapy.
Min ZhangDayan YangCaihong DongHui HuangGuiying FengQiqing ChenYuanyi ZhengHailin TangYu ChenXiangxiang JingPublished in: ACS nano (2022)
Despite the merits of high tissue-penetrating depth, no ionizing radiation, and low cost, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) still suffers from a low quantum yield of reactive oxygen species (ROS), limited delivery efficiency, and potential toxicity of sonosensitizers. Different from the direct delivery of sonosensitizers into tumor tissue for SDT, this work reports the fabrication of two-dimensional (2D) nanosonosensitizers/nanocatalysts (Ti 3 C 2 /CuO 2 @BSA) for the in situ generation of nanosonosensitizers by responding to the tumor microenvironment, achieving the high-performance and synergistic sonodynamic/chemodynamic tumor therapy. CuO 2 nanoparticle integration on 2D Ti 3 C 2 MXene achieved in situ H 2 O 2 generation in an acidic tumor microenvironment for oxidizing Ti 3 C 2 to produce TiO 2 nanosonosensitizers, accompanied by the enhanced separation of electrons (e - ) and holes (h + ) by the carbon matrix after oxidation, further augmenting the SDT efficacy. Ultrasound irradiation during the sonodynamic process also enhanced the Cu-initiated Fenton-like reaction to produce more ROS for synergizing the sonodynamic tumor therapy. The experimental results confirm and demonstrate the synergistic therapeutic effects of chemodynamic and sonodynamic nanotherapy both in vitro and in vivo . The antitumor mechanisms of synergistic chemodynamic and sonodynamic therapies are associated with the upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation, ROS generation, and apoptosis as demonstrated by RNA sequencing. This work thus provides a distinct paradigm of 2D MXene-originated in situ nanosonosensitizer generation for augmented and synergistic sonodynamic tumor nanotherapy.
Keyphrases
- reactive oxygen species
- low cost
- cell death
- cancer therapy
- dna damage
- magnetic resonance imaging
- oxidative stress
- cell proliferation
- single cell
- radiation therapy
- mesenchymal stem cells
- mass spectrometry
- wastewater treatment
- optical coherence tomography
- poor prognosis
- ionic liquid
- molecular dynamics
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- bone marrow
- cell therapy
- smoking cessation
- virtual reality
- drug induced
- radiation induced