Modeling the impacts of clinical influenza testing on influenza vaccine effectiveness estimates.
Leora R FeldsteinJill M FerdinandsWesley H SelfAdrienne G RandolphMichael AboodiAdrienne H BaughmanSamuel M BrownMatthew C ExlineD Clark FilesKevin W GibbsAdit A GindeMichelle N GongCarlos G GrijalvaNatasha HalasaAkram KhanChristopher J LindsellMargaret NewhamsIthan D PeltanMatthew E PrekkerTodd W RiceNathan I ShapiroJay SteingrubH Keipp TalbotM Elizabeth HalloranManish PatelPublished in: The Journal of infectious diseases (2021)
Although differential clinical testing by vaccine receipt and influenza positivity may produce errors in estimated VE, bias in testing would have to be substantial and overall proportion of patients tested would have to be small to result in a meaningful difference in VE.