Fenamates: Forgotten treasure for cancer treatment and prevention: Mechanisms of action, structural modification, and bright future.
Junfang LiXiaodong WangHonghua ZhangXiaoling HuXue PengWeifan JiangLinsheng ZhuoYan PengGuo ZengZhen WangPublished in: Medicinal research reviews (2024)
Fenamates as classical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents are widely used for relieving pain. Preclinical studies and epidemiological data highlight their chemo-preventive and chemotherapeutic potential for cancer. However, comprehensive reviews of fenamates in cancer are limited. To accelerate the repurposing of fenamates, this review summarizes the results of fenamates alone or in combination with existing chemotherapeutic agents. This paper also explores targets of fenamates in cancer therapy, including COX, AKR family, AR, gap junction, FTO, TEAD, DHODH, TAS2R14, ion channels, and DNA. Besides, this paper discusses other mechanisms, such as regulating Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB pathway, and the regulation of the expressions of Sp, EGR-1, NAG-1, ATF-3, ErbB2, AR, as well as the modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment. Furthermore, this paper outlined the structural modifications of fenamates, highlighting their potential as promising leads for anticancer drugs.
Keyphrases
- cancer therapy
- papillary thyroid
- stem cells
- anti inflammatory
- cell proliferation
- squamous cell
- chronic pain
- drug delivery
- photodynamic therapy
- randomized controlled trial
- oxidative stress
- systematic review
- pain management
- transcription factor
- electronic health record
- circulating tumor
- transforming growth factor
- single molecule
- spinal cord injury
- big data
- toll like receptor
- neuropathic pain
- machine learning
- mesenchymal stem cells
- combination therapy
- young adults
- nuclear factor
- rectal cancer
- locally advanced