Sex differences in constitutive autophagy.
Sara OlivánAna Cristina CalvoRaquel ManzanoPilar ZaragozaRosario OstaPublished in: BioMed research international (2014)
Sex bias has been described nowadays in biomedical research on animal models, although sexual dimorphism has been confirmed widely under pathological and physiological conditions. The main objective of our work was to study the sex differences in constitutive autophagy in spinal cord and skeletal muscle tissue from wild type mice. To examine the influence of sex on autophagy, mRNA and proteins were extracted from male and female mice tissues. The expressions of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and sequestosome 1 (p62), markers to monitor autophagy, were analyzed at 40, 60, 90, and 120 days of age. We found significant sex differences in the expression of LC3 and p62 in both tissues at these ages. The results indicated that sex and tissue specific differences exist in constitutive autophagy. These data underlined the need to include both sexes in the experimental groups to minimize any sex bias.
Keyphrases
- cell death
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- wild type
- signaling pathway
- oxidative stress
- skeletal muscle
- spinal cord
- gene expression
- high fat diet induced
- poor prognosis
- insulin resistance
- mass spectrometry
- mental health
- spinal cord injury
- type diabetes
- binding protein
- machine learning
- simultaneous determination
- deep learning
- electronic health record
- liquid chromatography