Anti-Inflammatory Functions of Methanol Extract from Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. Leaves and Shoots by Targeting the NF-κB Pathway.
Chaoran SongHongxi ChenSoo Ah KimJong Sub LeeEui Su ChoungZhiyun ZhangSoo-Yong KimJong-Hoon KimYoung-Jin SonPublished in: Plants (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. is a widely used medical plant in Asia. Since the anti-inflammatory mechanism of this plant is not fully understood, the aim of this study was to explore the anti-inflammatory function and mechanism of Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. methanol extract (Mb-ME). For in vitro experiments, nitric oxide production assay, PCR, overexpression strategy, immunoblotting, luciferase reporter assay, and immunoprecipitation were employed to explore the molecular mechanism and the target proteins of Mb-ME. For in vivo experiments, an HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis mouse model was used to confirm the anti-inflammatory function. Mb-ME showed a strong ability to inhibit the production of nitric oxide and the expression of inflammatory genes. Mb-ME decreased NF-κB luciferase activity mediated by MyD88 and TRIF. Moreover, Mb-ME blocked the activation of Src, Syk, p85, Akt, p50, p60, IKKα/β, and IκBα in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Overexpression and immunoprecipitation analyses suggested Syk and Src as the target enzymes of Mb-ME. In vitro results showed that Mb-ME could alleviate gastritis and relieve the protein expression of p-Src, p-Syk, and COX-2, as well as the gene expression of COX-2 and TNF-α. In summary, this study implied that Mb-ME performs an anti-inflammatory role by suppressing Syk and Src in the NF-κB signaling pathway, both in vivo and in vitro.
Keyphrases
- anti inflammatory
- tyrosine kinase
- signaling pathway
- lps induced
- nitric oxide
- gene expression
- induced apoptosis
- pi k akt
- oxidative stress
- mouse model
- inflammatory response
- helicobacter pylori
- cell proliferation
- healthcare
- helicobacter pylori infection
- rheumatoid arthritis
- poor prognosis
- dna methylation
- high throughput
- immune response
- hydrogen peroxide
- nitric oxide synthase
- crispr cas
- long non coding rna
- stress induced