Preconditioning Strategies for Improving the Outcome of Fat Grafting.
Francesca BonomiEttore LimidoAndrea WeinzierlYves HarderMichael D MengerMatthias W LaschkePublished in: Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews (2024)
Autologous fat grafting is a common procedure in plastic, reconstructive, and aesthetic surgery. However, it is frequently associated with an unpredictable resorption rate of the graft depending on the engraftment kinetics. This, in turn, is determined by the interaction of the grafted adipose tissue with the tissue at the recipient site. Accordingly, preconditioning strategies have been developed following the principle of exposing these tissues in the pretransplantation phase to stimuli inducing endogenous protective and regenerative cellular adaptations, such as the upregulation of stress-response genes or the release of cytokines and growth factors. As summarized in the present review, these stimuli include hypoxia, dietary restriction, local mechanical stress, heat, and exposure to fractional carbon dioxide laser. Preclinical studies show that they promote cell viability, adipogenesis, and angiogenesis, while reducing inflammation, fibrosis, and cyst formation, resulting in a higher survival rate and quality of fat grafts in different experimental settings. Hence, preconditioning represents a promising approach to improve the outcome of fat grafting in future clinical practice. For this purpose, it is necessary to establish standardized preconditioning protocols for specific clinical applications that are efficient, safe, and easy to implement into routine procedures.
Keyphrases
- adipose tissue
- clinical practice
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- carbon dioxide
- cerebral ischemia
- insulin resistance
- cell therapy
- minimally invasive
- high fat diet
- fatty acid
- endothelial cells
- breast reconstruction
- mesenchymal stem cells
- cell proliferation
- bone marrow
- heat stress
- genome wide
- coronary artery bypass
- signaling pathway
- dna methylation
- vascular endothelial growth factor
- sensitive detection
- metabolic syndrome
- acute coronary syndrome
- skeletal muscle
- coronary artery disease
- quantum dots
- current status
- atrial fibrillation