Advances and Highlights of miRNAs in Asthma: Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Treatment.
Marta Gil-MartínezClara Lorente-SorollaSara Naharro-GonzálezJosé Manuel Rodrigo-MuñozVictoria Del PozoPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2023)
Asthma is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease of the airways that causes breathing difficulties, episodes of cough and wheezing, and in more severe cases can greatly diminish quality of life. Epigenetic regulation, including post-transcriptional mediation of microRNAs (miRNAs), is one of the mechanisms behind the development of the range of asthma phenotypes and endotypes. As in every other immune-mediated disease, miRNAs regulate the behavior of cells that shape the airway structure as well as those in charge of the defense mechanisms in the bronchi and lungs, controlling cell survival, growth, proliferation, and the ability of cells to synthesize and secrete chemokines and immune mediators. More importantly, miRNAs are molecules with chemical and biological properties that make them appropriate biomarkers for disease, enabling stratification of patients for optimal drug selection and thereby simplifying clinical management and reducing both the economic burden and need for critical care associated with the disease. In this review, we summarize the roles of miRNAs in asthma and describe how they regulate the mechanisms of the disease. We further describe the current state of miRNAs as biomarkers for asthma phenotyping, endotyping, and treatment selection.
Keyphrases
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- lung function
- induced apoptosis
- allergic rhinitis
- end stage renal disease
- gene expression
- newly diagnosed
- cell cycle arrest
- emergency department
- early onset
- ejection fraction
- cell death
- transcription factor
- peritoneal dialysis
- depressive symptoms
- social support
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- combination therapy