Prenatal exposure to paternal smoking and likelihood for autism spectrum disorder.
Bora KimMina HaYoung Shin KimYun-Joo KohShan DongHo-Jang KwonYoung-Suk KimMyung-Ho LimKi-Chung PaikSeung-Jin YooHosanna KimPatricia S HongStephan J SandersBennett L LeventhalPublished in: Autism : the international journal of research and practice (2021)
What is Already Known about This Subject: Genetics, (including de novo mutations), environmental factors (including toxic exposures), and their interactions impact autism spectrum disorder etiology. Paternal smoking is a candidate risk for autism spectrum disorder due to biological plausibility, high prevalence, and potential intervention.What This Study Adds: This original study and its replication confirms that paternal factors can substantially contribute to autism spectrum disorder risk for their offspring. It specifically indicates that paternal smoking both before and during pregnancy contributes significantly to autism spectrum disorder risk.Implications for practice, research, or policy: Smoking prevention, especially in pregnancy planning, may decrease autism spectrum disorder risk in offspring.
Keyphrases
- autism spectrum disorder
- intellectual disability
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- smoking cessation
- healthcare
- randomized controlled trial
- public health
- mental health
- high fat diet
- risk factors
- adipose tissue
- risk assessment
- metabolic syndrome
- preterm birth
- insulin resistance
- air pollution
- climate change
- finite element