Three new discovery effector proteins from Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus psy62 inhibit plant defense through interaction with AtCAT3 and AtGAPA.

We identify three SDEs that inhibiting host defence from Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus psy62, which is an important supplement to the pathogenesis of HLB. Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) is the main pathogen of citrus Huanglongbing (HLB). 38 new possible sec-dependent effectors (SDEs) of CLas psy62 were predicted by updated predictor SignalP 5.0, which 12 new SDEs were found using alkaline phosphate assay. Among them, SDE4310, SDE4435 and SDE4955 inhibited hypersensitivity reactions (HR) in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis, At) and Nicotiana benthamiana leaves induced by pathogens, which lead to a decrease in cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. And the expression levels of SDE4310, SDE4435, and SDE4955 genes elevated significantly in mild symptom citrus leaves. When SDE4310, SDE4435 and SDE4955 were overexpressed in Arabidopsis, HR pathway key genes pathogenesis-related 2 (PR2), PR5, nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related 1 (NPR1) and isochorismate synthase 1 (ICS1) expression significantly decreased and the growth of pathogen was greatly increased relative to control with Pst DC3000/AvrRps4 treatment. Our findings also indicated that SDE4310, SDE4435 and SDE4955 interacted with AtCAT3 (catalase 3) and AtGAPA (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase A). In conclusion, our results suggest that SDE4310, SDE4435 and SDE4955 are CLas psy62 effector proteins that may have redundant functions. They inhibit ROS burst and cell death by interacting with AtCAT3 and AtGAPA to negatively regulate host defense.