Photobiomodulation for Alzheimer's disease: photoelectric coupling effect on attenuating Aβ neurotoxicity.
Zixi TianPanpan WangKai HuangJie YuMange ZhangYanming LiuHang ZhaoBeilei ZhuXuerong HuangZhiqian TongPublished in: Lasers in medical science (2023)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia are the most worrying health problems faced by people globally today. Although the pathological features of AD consisting of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques in the extracellular space (ECS) and intracellular tau tangles are well established, the developed medicines targeting these two proteins have not obtained the expected clinical effects. Photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the therapeutic use of red light (RL) or near-infrared light (NIR) to serve as a noninvasive neuroprotective strategy for brain diseases. The present review discusses the mechanisms of the photoelectric coupling effect (light energy-induced special electronic transition-related alterations in protein structure) of PBM on reducing Aβ toxicity. On the one hand, RL or NIR can directly disassemble Aβ in vitro and in vivo. On the other hand, formaldehyde (FA)-inhibited catalase (CAT) and H 2 O 2 -inactived formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH) are formed a vicious circle in AD; however, light energy not only activates FDH to degrade excessive FA (which crosslinks Aβ monomer to form Aβ oligomers and senile plaques) but also sensitizes CAT to reduce hydrogen peroxide levels (H 2 O 2 , which can facilitate Aβ aggregation and enhance FA generation). In addition, it also activates mitochondrial cytochrome-c to produce ATP in the neurons. Clinical trials of phototherapeutics or oral coenzyme Q10 have shown positive effects in AD patients. Hence, a promising strategy combined PBM with nanopacked Q10 has been proposed to apply for treating AD.
Keyphrases
- hydrogen peroxide
- room temperature
- clinical trial
- end stage renal disease
- mental health
- healthcare
- nitric oxide
- oxidative stress
- ejection fraction
- cognitive decline
- newly diagnosed
- photodynamic therapy
- public health
- chronic kidney disease
- mild cognitive impairment
- randomized controlled trial
- cerebral ischemia
- spinal cord
- peritoneal dialysis
- drug release
- high glucose
- fluorescent probe
- drug delivery
- resting state
- weight gain
- high resolution
- physical activity
- functional connectivity
- climate change
- wound healing
- health information
- diabetic rats
- induced apoptosis
- social media
- simultaneous determination