Dimerization of Transmembrane Proteins in Cancer Immunotherapy.

Transmembrane proteins (TMEMs) are integrated membrane proteins that span the entire lipid bilayer and are permanently anchored to it. TMEMs participate in various cellular processes. Some TMEMs usually exist and perform their physiological functions as dimers rather than monomers. TMEM dimerization is associated with various physiological functions, such as the regulation of enzyme activity, signal transduction, and cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we focus on the dimerization of transmembrane proteins in cancer immunotherapy. This review is divided into three parts. First, the structures and functions of several TMEMs related to tumor immunity are introduced. Second, the characteristics and functions of several typical TMEM dimerization processes are analyzed. Finally, the application of the regulation of TMEM dimerization in cancer immunotherapy is introduced.