European perspective on less invasive surfactant administration-a survey.

The use of LISA/MIST within Europe is widespread. There is a wide variation concerning all aspects of LISA in daily clinical routine and different views on when and how LISA should be performed. What is Known: • Noninvasive surfactant administration has been the subject of randomized controlled trials and has found its way into clinical routine. What is New: • Noninvasive surfactant administration techniques are widely applied in European neonatal units. • There is a wide variety of equipment used and techniques applied for less invasive surfactant delivery as well as different views on the indications and perceived efficacy of this intervention.