Spatial intratumor heterogeneity of programmed death-ligand 1 expression predicts poor prognosis in resected non-small cell lung cancer.

We presented an image analysis model to quantify the spatial intratumor heterogeneity of protein expression in tumor tissues. This model demonstrated that the spatial intratumor heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression in surgically resected NSCLC predicts poor patient outcomes.