Adapting and Surviving: Intra and Extra-Cellular Remodeling in Drug-Resistant Gastric Cancer Cells.
Sabino RussiHenu Kumar VermaSimona LaurinoPellegrino MazzoneGiovanni StortoAnna NardelliPietro ZoppoliGiovanni CaliceFrancesco La RoccaAlessandro SgambatoValeria LucciGeppino FalcoVitalba RuggieriPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2019)
Despite the significant recent advances in clinical practice, gastric cancer (GC) represents a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. In fact, occurrence of chemo-resistance still remains a daunting hindrance to effectiveness of the current approach to GC therapy. There is accumulating evidence that a plethora of cellular and molecular factors is implicated in drug-induced phenotypical switching of GC cells. Among them, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), autophagy, drug detoxification, DNA damage response and drug target alterations, have been reported as major determinants. Intriguingly, resistant GC phenotype may be the result of GC cell-induced tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling, which is currently emerging as a key player in promoting drug resistance and overcoming cytotoxic effects of drugs. In this review, we discuss the possible mechanisms of drug resistance and their involvement in determining current GC therapies failure.
Keyphrases
- drug induced
- liver injury
- drug resistant
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- gas chromatography
- dna damage response
- multidrug resistant
- clinical practice
- randomized controlled trial
- signaling pathway
- acinetobacter baumannii
- risk assessment
- systematic review
- induced apoptosis
- mass spectrometry
- transforming growth factor
- single cell
- cell death
- cell cycle arrest
- cystic fibrosis
- cell proliferation
- pi k akt
- high glucose
- endothelial cells
- dna damage