Emerging Role and Clinicopathological Significance of AEG-1 in Different Cancer Types: A Concise Review.
Sushmitha SriramuluXiao-Feng SunSarubala MalayaperumalHarsha GanesanHong ZhangMurugesan RamachandranAntara BanerjeeSurajit PathakPublished in: Cells (2021)
Tumor breakthrough is driven by genetic or epigenetic variations which assist in initiation, migration, invasion and metastasis of tumors. Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) protein has risen recently as the crucial factor in malignancies and plays a potential role in diverse complex oncogenic signaling cascades. AEG-1 has multiple roles in tumor growth and development and is found to be involved in various signaling pathways of: (i) Ha-ras and PI3K/AKT; (ii) the NF-κB; (iii) the ERK or mitogen-activated protein kinase and Wnt or β-catenin and (iv) the Aurora-A kinase. Recent studies have confirmed that in all the hallmarks of cancers, AEG-1 plays a key functionality including progression, transformation, sustained angiogenesis, evading apoptosis, and invasion and metastasis. Clinical studies have supported that AEG-1 is actively intricated in tumor growth and progression which includes esophageal squamous cell, gastric, colorectal, hepatocellular, gallbladder, breast, prostate and non-small cell lung cancers, as well as renal cell carcinomas, melanoma, glioma, neuroblastoma and osteosarcoma. Existing studies have reported that AEG-1 expression has been induced by Ha-ras through intrication of PI3K/AKT signaling. Conversely, AEG-1 also activates PI3K/AKT pathway and modulates the defined subset of downstream target proteins via crosstalk between the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Hedgehog signaling cascade which further plays a crucial role in metastasis. Thus, AEG-1 may be employed as a biomarker to discern the patients of those who are likely to get aid from AEG-1-targeted medication. AEG-1 may play as an effective target to repress tumor development, occlude metastasis, and magnify the effectiveness of treatments. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanism of AEG-1 in the process of carcinogenesis and its involvement in regulation of crosstalk between the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Hedgehog signaling. We also highlight the multifaceted functions, expression, clinicopathological significance and molecular inhibitors of AEG-1 in various cancer types.
Keyphrases
- pi k akt
- signaling pathway
- cell proliferation
- cell cycle arrest
- squamous cell
- poor prognosis
- stem cells
- healthcare
- papillary thyroid
- cell death
- single cell
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- end stage renal disease
- prostate cancer
- squamous cell carcinoma
- cell therapy
- drug delivery
- ejection fraction
- emergency department
- systematic review
- oxidative stress
- binding protein
- dna methylation
- mesenchymal stem cells
- chronic kidney disease
- copy number
- immune response
- long non coding rna
- cell migration
- peritoneal dialysis
- transcription factor
- gene expression
- tyrosine kinase
- prognostic factors
- vascular endothelial growth factor
- case control