Measuring the Impact of Malaria on the Living Human Retina.
Ian James Callum MacCormickSusan LewallenNicholas A V BeareSimon Peter HardingPublished in: Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) (2022)
Retinal examination and imaging are relatively simple methods for studying the dynamic impact of cerebral malaria on the microcirculation of the central nervous system. Retina and brain are affected similarly by Plasmodium falciparum. Unlike the brain, the human retina can be directly observed using commercially available clinical instruments in the setting of a critical care unit, and this can be done repeatedly and non-invasively. Additional information about blood-tissue barriers can be gained from fluorescein angiography. Non-ophthalmologist clinician scientists are usually unfamiliar with ophthalmoscopy and retinal imaging, and some readers may feel that these techniques are beyond them. This chapter aims to quell these fears by providing a step-by-step description of how to examine and photograph the human retina in children with cerebral malaria.
Keyphrases
- plasmodium falciparum
- diabetic retinopathy
- endothelial cells
- optic nerve
- optical coherence tomography
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- high resolution
- pluripotent stem cells
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- white matter
- computed tomography
- healthcare
- multiple sclerosis
- resting state
- blood brain barrier
- patient reported outcomes
- fluorescence imaging