Neoadjuvant Therapy Using Checkpoint Inhibitors before Radical Cystectomy for Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review.

The evidence on the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the setting of pre-radical cystectomy is quite limited, with noted variability within published trials. Combination with chemotherapy or another checkpoint inhibitor may boost response, although prospective studies with extended follow-up are needed to report on the survival advantages.