Finding middle ground: Extending conservation beyond wilderness areas.

We show that because of methodological improvements, the human modification map detects higher levels of land modification and is more accurate than the human footprint map across the gradient of modification globally. While we agree that protecting the world's least modified lands or wildlands is essential for conservation, we assert that extending conservation actions to better "manage the middle" are urgently needed to ensure healthy functioning ecosystems for people and nature. This article is a commentary on Kennedy et al., 25, 811-826; See also the Commentary on this article by Venter et al., 26, 330-332.