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Prolonged activation of EP3 receptor-expressing preoptic neurons underlies torpor responses.

Natalia L S MachadoFrancesca RaffinSatvinder KaurAlexander BanksNicole LynchOleksandra FanariOscar PlascenciaSydney AtenJanayna LimaSathyajit BandaruRichard D PalmiterElda ArrigoniClifford B Saper
Published in: Research square (2023)
Many species use a temporary drop in body temperature and metabolic rate (torpor) as a strategy to survive food scarcity. A similar profound hypothermia is observed with activation of preoptic neurons that express the neuropeptides Pituitary Adenylate-Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) 1 , Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) 2 , or Pyroglutamylated RFamide Peptide (QRFP) 3 , the vesicular glutamate transporter, Vglut2 4,5 or the leptin receptor6 (LepR), estrogen 1 receptor (Esr1) 7 or prostaglandin E receptor 3 (EP3R) in mice 8 . However, most of these genetic markers are found on multiple populations of preoptic neurons and only partially overlap with one another. We report here that expression of the EP3R marks a unique population of median preoptic (MnPO) neurons that are required both for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fever 9 and for torpor. These MnPO EP3R neurons produce persistent fever responses when inhibited and prolonged hypothermic responses when activated either chemo- or opto-genetically even for brief periods of time. The mechanism for these prolonged responses appears to involve increases in intracellular calcium in individual EP3R-expressing preoptic neurons that persist for many minutes up to hours beyond the termination of a brief stimulus. These properties endow MnPO EP3R neurons with the ability to act as a two-way master switch for thermoregulation.
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