Bidirectional effects between loneliness, smoking and alcohol use: evidence from a Mendelian randomization study.

Robyn E WoottonHarriet S R GreenstoneAbdel AbdellaouiDamiaan DenysKarin J H VerweijMarcus R MunafoJorien L Treur

Published in: Addiction (Abingdon, England) (2020)

There appears to be tentative evidence for causal, bidirectional, increasing effects between loneliness and cigarette smoking, especially for smoking initiation increasing loneliness.

Keyphrases

social support