The potential impact of clinical decision support on nonwaivered primary care clinicians' prescribing of buprenorphine.

Elimination of the X-waiver increased potential buprenorphine prescribers 13-fold, but growth in prescribing will likely be much lower. We explored self-assessments of nonwaivered primary care clinicians (PCCs) for factors affecting their likelihood to prescribe buprenorphine were the X-waiver eliminated (since realized January 2023) and the potential impacts of a clinical decision-support (CDS) tool for opioid use disorder (OUD). Cross-sectional survey data were obtained between January 2021 and March 2022 from 305 nonwaivered PCCs at 3 health systems. Factors explored were patient requests for buprenorphine, PCC access to an OUD-CDS, and PCC confidence and abilities for 5 OUD-care activities. Relationships were described using descriptive statistics and odds ratios. Only 26% of PCCs were more likely to prescribe buprenorphine upon patient request, whereas 63% were more likely to prescribe with the OUD-CDS. PCC confidence and abilities for some OUD-care activities were associated with increased prescribing likelihood from patient requests, but none were associated with the OUD-CDS. The OUD-CDS may increase buprenorphine prescribing for PCCs less likely to prescribe upon patient request. Future research is needed to develop interventions that increase PCC buprenorphine prescribing. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: NCT04198428. Clinical trial name: Clinical Decision Support for Opioid Use Disorders in Medical Settings (Compute 2.0).