Effectiveness of subnational implementation of minimum unit price for alcohol: policy appraisal modelling for local authorities in England.

A minimum unit price (MUP) local policy for alcohol is likely to be more effective in those regions, like the 3 Northern regions of England, which have higher levels of alcohol consumption and higher rates of alcohol harm than for the national average. In such regions, the MUP policy would achieve larger reductions in alcohol consumption, alcohol attributable mortality, hospitalisation rates, NHS costs, crime rates and health inequalities.