Series of Azido and Fused-Tetrazole Explosives: Combining Good Thermal Stability and Low Sensitivity.

The introduction of azido groups into the energetic skeleton has the advantages of increasing the energy level. In this work, a series of azido compounds with good stability and low sensitivity as well as tetrazole-fused compounds based on energetic salts are synthesized. The detonation pressures and velocities of these new compounds fall in the ranges of 18.9-27.3 GPa and 7153-8450 m s -1 , respectively. The detonation velocity of the tetrazole-fused compounds based on the potassium salts 3 , 6 , and 7 are 7810, 7153, and 7989 m s -1 , respectively. Also, their decomposition temperatures (244, 237, and 240 °C, respectively) are higher than that of traditional explosive RDX (204 °C). Notably, two representative compounds 2 and 5 possess higher decomposition temperature ( 2 : 196 °C and 5 : 178 °C) and overall detonation properties ( 2 : D = 8129 m s -1 and P = 26.6 GPa and 5 : D = 8336 m s -1 and P = 27.3 GPa) as well as relativity lower sensitivities ( 2 : IS = 12 J and FS = 240 N and 5 : IS = 10 J and FS = 144 N) than that of primary explosive 2-diazo-4,6-dinitrophenol ( T d = 157 °C, D = 6900 m s -1 , P = 24.7 GPa, IS = 1 J, and FS = 24.7 N). Moreover, the initiation capacity of compounds 2 and 5 was also assessed through the initiation tests. The results indicate that the two compounds could be a promising environmentally friendly primary explosive.