Effect of hesperidin on blood pressure and lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

The cardioprotective activity of hesperidin has been well demonstrated in several clinical studies. Also, there is a meta-analysis published on this topic in 2019. However, considering the recently published clinical studies, there is a scope for performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of hesperidin to determine its beneficial effect in alleviating alterations in cardiovascular parameters. In this study, the literature search was performed using online databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar till April 2023 involving randomized controlled studies conducted on hesperidin against various cardiovascular disorders including metabolic disorders in healthy/diseased individuals compared to the placebo/control. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, nine clinical studies involving 2414 subjects were included. The meta-analysis revealed that hesperidin has significantly reduced the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (IV: -0.55 (-0.94 to -0.16) at 95% CI, p = 0.005, I 2  = 70%), total cholesterol (TC) (IV: -61 (-0.82 to -0.41) at 95% CI, p < 0.00001, I 2  = 69%), and triglycerides (TG) (IV: -0.21 (-0.40 to -0.02) at 95% CI, p = 0.03, I 2  = 12%). However, there were no statistically significant changes in the systolic blood pressure (IV: -0.29 (-2.21 to 1.63) at 95% CI, p = 0.77, I 2  = 60%), diastolic blood pressure (IV: 0.79 (-0.74 to 2.31) at 95% CI, p = 0.31, I 2  = 49%), and high-density lipoprotein (IV: 0.04 (-0.25 to 0.34) at 95% CI, p = 0.78, I 2  = 56%) in the hesperidin treatment compared to the placebo/control. In conclusion, the outcomes of this meta-analysis suggest that hesperidin administration could benefit patients with CVD by reducing LDL, TC, and TG. Further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of hesperidin for its benefits in treating cardiovascular conditions.