MicroRNAs in infectious diseases: potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Muneyoshi KimuraSagar KothariWajiha GohirJose Fernando CamargoShahid HusainPublished in: Clinical microbiology reviews (2023)
SUMMARYMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are conserved, short, non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. They have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer and neurological, cardiovascular, and autoimmune diseases. Several recent studies have suggested that miRNAs are key players in regulating the differentiation, maturation, and activation of immune cells, thereby influencing the host immune response to infection. The resultant upregulation or downregulation of miRNAs from infection influences the protein expression of genes responsible for the immune response and can determine the risk of disease progression. Recently, miRNAs have been explored as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in various infectious diseases. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of miRNAs during viral, fungal, bacterial, and parasitic infections from a clinical perspective, including critical functional mechanisms and implications for their potential use as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Keyphrases
- infectious diseases
- gene expression
- immune response
- cell proliferation
- signaling pathway
- papillary thyroid
- transcription factor
- genome wide
- risk assessment
- toll like receptor
- climate change
- poor prognosis
- squamous cell
- inflammatory response
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- cerebral ischemia
- blood brain barrier
- brain injury
- lymph node metastasis
- bioinformatics analysis
- genome wide analysis