MicroRNAs and Diet-induced Weight Loss: What's the Link?

It is now well established that lifestyle, particularly eating habits, modulates the syn-thesis and action of microRNAs (miRNAs). In particular, several nutritional schemes have proven effective in improving body composition, but molecular mechanisms still need to be fully under-stood. Within the complex physiological network of food intake regulation, it is essential to un-derstand the changes in endocrine activity after the reduction of adipose tissue during a weight loss program. This could be the key to identifying the optimal endocrine profile in high respond-ers, the assessment of musculoskeletal status, and long-term management. In this review, we summarize the state of the art regarding miRNAs as a function of weight loss and as a mechanistic regulator of the effectiveness of the nutritional program.