Astaxanthin Restrains Nitrative-Oxidative Peroxidation in Mitochondrial-Mimetic Liposomes: A Pre-Apoptosis Model.
Camila M ManoThais GuaratiniKarina H M CardozoPio ColepicoloEtelvino J H BecharaMarcelo Paes de BarrosPublished in: Marine drugs (2018)
Astaxanthin (ASTA) is a ketocarotenoid found in many marine organisms and that affords many benefits to human health. ASTA is particularly effective against radical-mediated lipid peroxidation, and recent findings hypothesize a "mitochondrial-targeted" action of ASTA in cells. Therefore, we examined the protective effects of ASTA against lipid peroxidation in zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine liposomes (PCLs) and anionic phosphatidylcholine: phosphatidylglycerol liposomes (PCPGLs), at different pHs (6.2 to 8.0), which were challenged by oxidizing/nitrating conditions that mimic the regular and preapoptotic redox environment of active mitochondria. Pre-apoptotic conditions were created by oxidized/nitr(osyl)ated cytochrome c and resulted in the highest levels of lipoperoxidation in both PCL and PCPGLs (pH 7.4). ASTA was less protective at acidic conditions, especially in anionic PCPGLs. Our data demonstrated the ability of ASTA to hamper oxidative and nitrative events that lead to cytochrome c-peroxidase apoptosis and lipid peroxidation, although its efficiency changes with pH and lipid composition of membranes.
Keyphrases
- cell cycle arrest
- cell death
- oxidative stress
- human health
- drug delivery
- induced apoptosis
- risk assessment
- fatty acid
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- drug release
- cancer therapy
- machine learning
- electronic health record
- ionic liquid
- cell proliferation
- hydrogen peroxide
- multidrug resistant
- deep learning
- data analysis
- endoplasmic reticulum