Phytosterols and Cardiovascular Disease.
Umidakhon MakhmudovaP Christian SchulzeDieter LütjohannOliver WeingärtnerPublished in: Current atherosclerosis reports (2021)
In the recent revision of the ESC/EAS dyslipidemia guideline 2019, plant sterols are recommended for the first time as an adjunct to lifestyle modification to lower blood cholesterol levels. However, the German Cardiac Society (DGK) is more critical of food supplementation with plant sterols and calls for randomized controlled trials investigating hard cardiovascular outcomes. An increasing body of evidence suggests that plant sterols per se are atherogenic. This review discusses this controversy based on findings from in vitro and in vivo studies, clinical trials, and genetic evidence.
Keyphrases
- cardiovascular disease
- clinical trial
- randomized controlled trial
- total knee arthroplasty
- metabolic syndrome
- cell wall
- low density lipoprotein
- physical activity
- left ventricular
- weight loss
- genome wide
- heart failure
- systematic review
- gene expression
- total hip arthroplasty
- cardiovascular risk factors
- case control
- risk assessment
- coronary artery disease
- phase iii