Genomic Characterization of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A H5N1 Virus Newly Emerged in Dairy Cattle.
Xiao HuAnugrah SaxenaDrew R MagstadtPhillip Charles GaugerEric BurroughJianqiang ZhangChris SiepkerMarta MainentiPatrick J GordenPaul PlummerGanwu LiPublished in: Emerging microbes & infections (2024)
In March 2024, the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A (H5N1) infections in dairy cattle was detected in United States for the first time. We genetically characterize HPAI viruses from dairy cattle showing an abrupt drop in milk production, as well as from two cats, six wild birds, and one skunk. They share nearly identical genome sequences, forming a new genotype B3.13 within the 2.3.4.4b clade. B3.13 viruses underwent two reassortment events since 2023 and exhibit critical mutations in HA, M1, and NS genes but lack critical mutations in PB2 and PB1 genes, which enhance virulence or adaptation to mammals. The PB2 E627 K mutation in a human case associated with cattle underscores the potential for rapid evolution post-infection, highlighting the need for continued surveillance to monitor public health threats.
Keyphrases
- public health
- heavy metals
- genome wide
- genetic diversity
- endothelial cells
- aqueous solution
- escherichia coli
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- bioinformatics analysis
- genome wide identification
- staphylococcus aureus
- copy number
- risk assessment
- biofilm formation
- dna methylation
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- antimicrobial resistance
- genome wide analysis
- gene expression
- global health
- human health