Projected Lifetime Cancer Risk Associated with Intraoperative Computed Tomography for Lumbar Spine Surgery.

Intraoperative CT use significantly increased cancer risk compared to conventional intraoperative radiography for patients undergoing lumbar spinal fusions. As emerging technologies in spine surgery continue to proliferate and leverage intraoperative CT for cross-sectional imaging data, strategies must be developed by surgeons, institutions, and medical technology companies to mitigate long-term cancer risks.