Ghrelin and liver disease.
Mar QuiñonesJohan FernøOmar Al-MassadiPublished in: Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders (2021)
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are two of the most common liver diseases associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of these conditions are increasingly rising and presently there is not a pharmacological option available in the market. Elucidation of the mechanism of action and the molecular underpinnings behind liver disease could help to better understand the pathophysiology of these illnesses. In this sense, in the last years modulation of the ghrelin system in preclinical animal models emerge as a promising therapeutic tool. In this review, we compile the latest knowledge of the modulation of ghrelin system and its intracellular pathways that regulates lipid metabolism, hepatic inflammation and liver fibrosis. We also describe novel processes implicated in the regulation of liver disease by ghrelin, such as autophagy or dysregulated circadian rhythms. In conclusion, the information displayed in this review support that the ghrelin system could be an appealing strategy for the treatment of liver disease.
Keyphrases
- liver fibrosis
- metabolic syndrome
- type diabetes
- insulin resistance
- oxidative stress
- growth hormone
- healthcare
- cell death
- risk factors
- cardiovascular disease
- weight loss
- signaling pathway
- body mass index
- glycemic control
- adipose tissue
- skeletal muscle
- bone marrow
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- weight gain
- fatty acid
- combination therapy
- replacement therapy