Potential Roles of Myeloid Differentiation Factor 2 on Neuroinflammation and Its Possible Interventions.
Thura Tun OoWasana PratchayasakulSiriporn C ChattipakornSiripron C ChattipakornPublished in: Molecular neurobiology (2020)
Neuroinflammation is the primary response by immune cells in the nervous system to protect against infection. Chronic and uncontrolled neuroinflammation triggers neuronal injury and neuronal death resulting in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, fine tuning of the immune response in the nervous system is now extensively considered as a potential therapeutic intervention for those diseases. The immune cells of the nervous system express Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) together with myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD-2) to protect against the pathogens. Over the last 10 years, antagonists targeting the functional domains of MD-2 have become attractive pharmacological intervention strategies in pre-clinical studies into neuroinflammation and its associated brain pathologies. This review aims to summarize and discuss the roles of TLR4-MD-2 signaling pathway activation in various models of neuroinflammation. This review article also highlights the studies reporting the effect of MD-2 antagonists on neuroinflammation in in vitro and in vivo studies.
Keyphrases
- toll like receptor
- cerebral ischemia
- lipopolysaccharide induced
- inflammatory response
- lps induced
- immune response
- traumatic brain injury
- cognitive impairment
- molecular dynamics
- nuclear factor
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- randomized controlled trial
- signaling pathway
- dendritic cells
- brain injury
- blood brain barrier
- acute myeloid leukemia
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- multidrug resistant
- oxidative stress
- air pollution
- physical activity
- multiple sclerosis
- resting state
- cancer therapy
- case control
- risk assessment
- endoplasmic reticulum stress