Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of antiviral and other available drugs has been considered to combat or reduce the clinical symptoms of patients. In this regard, it would be necessary to choose sensitive and selective analytical techniques for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies, monitoring of drug concentration in biological fluids, and determination of the most appropriate dose to achieve the desired effect on the disease. In the present study, the analytical techniques based on spectroscopy and chromatography with different detectors for diagnosis and determination of candidate drugs in the treatment of COVID-19 in human biological fluids are reviewed during the period 2015-2022. Moreover, various sample preparation and extraction techniques, are being used for this purpose, such as protein precipitation (PP), solid-phase extraction (SPE), liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), and QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) are investigated.
Keyphrases
- solid phase extraction
- liquid chromatography
- tandem mass spectrometry
- molecularly imprinted
- high performance liquid chromatography
- liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
- high resolution mass spectrometry
- simultaneous determination
- gas chromatography mass spectrometry
- ultra high performance liquid chromatography
- mass spectrometry
- coronavirus disease
- gas chromatography
- endothelial cells
- sars cov
- end stage renal disease
- newly diagnosed
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- ejection fraction
- chronic kidney disease
- pluripotent stem cells
- emergency department
- prognostic factors
- drug induced
- binding protein
- small molecule
- combination therapy
- physical activity
- high speed
- amino acid