Promising Treatment Options for Axial Spondyloarthritis: An Overview of Experimental Pharmacological Agents.
Hasan TahirSwetha ByravanArmin FardaneshArumugam MoorthyPublished in: Journal of experimental pharmacology (2021)
Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory condition that predominantly affects the axial skeleton. All patients receive conservative management measures which include physiotherapy, patient education and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Those with significant active disease will require escalation of their treatment with the use of biologics. Currently, there are five approved TNF inhibitors and two approved IL-17 inhibitors for use in axSpA. However, despite this up to 40% of patients do not respond or are intolerant to current available treatment. This leaves a significant number of patients with uncontrolled disease and unmet need for additional therapies. Though many drug classes have been trialed for axSpA they show poor efficacy; however, over the last few years there are three which demonstrate much greater promise as novel therapies for axSpA, these include dual neutralization of IL-17A and IL-17F, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) inhibitors. This article reviews the evidence for these novel emerging therapeutic options for axSpA.
Keyphrases
- end stage renal disease
- ejection fraction
- newly diagnosed
- chronic kidney disease
- anti inflammatory drugs
- prognostic factors
- healthcare
- adipose tissue
- peritoneal dialysis
- ankylosing spondylitis
- randomized controlled trial
- clinical trial
- big data
- open label
- machine learning
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- study protocol
- disease activity