A high-efficiency Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression system in the leaves of Artemisia annua L.

A simple, rapid, good-reproducibility, high-efficiency and low-cost transient transformation system in A. annua was developed. Our method offered a new way for gene functional characterization studies such as gene subcellular localization, promoter activity and transcription activation assays in A. annua, avoiding the aberrant phenotypes resulting from gene expression in a heterologous system.