Vitamin D and COVID-19: Narrative Review after 3 Years of Pandemic.
Emanuele GotelliStefano SoldanoElvis HysaSabrina PaolinoRosanna CampitielloCarmen PizzorniAlberto SulliVanessa SmithMaurizio CutoloPublished in: Nutrients (2022)
Active vitamin D [1,25(OH) 2 D 3 -calcitriol] is a secosteroid hormone whose receptor is expressed on all cells of the immune system. Vitamin D has a global anti-inflammatory effect and its role in the management of a SARS-CoV-2 infection has been investigated since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this narrative review, the laboratory and clinical results of a vitamin D supplementation have been collected from both open-label and blinded randomized clinical trials. The results are generally in favor of the utility of maintaining the serum concentrations of calcifediol [25(OH)D 3 ] at around 40 ng/mL and of the absolute usefulness of its supplementation in subjects with deficient serum levels. However, two very recent large-scale studies (one open-label, one placebo-controlled) have called into question the contribution of vitamin D to clinical practice in the era of COVID-19 vaccinations. The precise role of a vitamin D supplementation in the anti-COVID-19 armamentarium requires further investigations in light of the breakthrough which has been achieved with mass vaccinations.
Keyphrases
- coronavirus disease
- sars cov
- open label
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- study protocol
- phase ii
- placebo controlled
- clinical practice
- clinical trial
- anti inflammatory
- phase iii
- induced apoptosis
- phase ii study
- randomized controlled trial
- squamous cell carcinoma
- oxidative stress
- radiation therapy
- cell cycle arrest
- cell proliferation
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- pi k akt
- rectal cancer